Report: A systematic presentation of data is called a report. It is a program used to fetch data from the database tables and display it on the output screen. It is also known as event driven programs. Reports are required for operational activities, decision-making and data analysis. Programs for SAP ABAP are written as reports. SAP ABAP programming is required when a higher volume of data is presented.

TCODE:

 Tcode for creating a report is SE38.

There are total 7 types of reports:

1. Classical Reports
2. Interactive Reports
3. ALV (ABAP List Viewer) Reports
4. Logical Database
5. ABAP Query
6. Report Writer/ Report Painter

1. Classical Reports

Classical Reports are simple and basic report in ABAP. Developers starts development from classical reports. WRITE statement is used in classical report for display the output or data. There is no additional functionality used like sorting, filtering of data, etc. ULINE statement is used for a continuous horizontal line along a whole line.

It is just an output of data using the write statement inside a loop.

   Events in Classical Reports

1. Initialization: Variables, screen values and other default actions are initialized using the initialization event.
2. At-Selection-Screen: This event will be activated after processing user input still selection screen is in active mode.
3. Start-of-Selection: This event will be activated after the selection screen has been processed.
4. End-of-Selection: This event is activated after the last statement in Start-of-Selection is executed.
5. Top-of-Page: This event will be activated with the first WRITE statement.
6. End-of-Page: This event will be activated at the end of page.

2. Interactive Reports: Interactive Reports are specialized report programs that empower users to interactively manage how data is presented. They enable users to navigate through multiple display lists beyond the primary or basic list, providing a dynamic and interactive way to explore data. The report is interactive for the user.

Events in Interactive Reports

1. At Line-Selection: This process is triggered when we double-click on the list or line. When the event is activated, a new sublist is generated. During this event, the statements that are executed will return data, which can be viewed in the newly created sublist.
2. At User-Command: This event is activated when the user performs an action, typically through menu selections, button clicks, or pressing function keys.
3. Top of Page during Line Selection: This event is initiated at the beginning of a new page in a secondary list while interacting within an interactive session.
4. At PF-Status: A PF-Status is a predefined set of function keys and their associated texts/icons Associated with predefined function keys and their associated texts/icons.

3. ALV (ABAP List Viewer) Reports: It is a powerful tool in SAP ABAP that enhances the appearance and functionality of report output. It uses standard list format with features like sorting, filtering, etc. It uses function module i.e. REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY. It is useful for displaying large datasets.

Types of ALV Reports :.

1. Simple ALV: This kind of report uses a simple tabular style to display data. It works well for simple data visualization.
2. Blocked ALV: Grouping data into blocks or sections is reported by Blocked ALV. The header and footer of each block may be unique. Related data can be shown in an organized way using blocked ALV.
3. Hierarchical ALV: Data is arranged in a tree-like pattern in hierarchical ALV reports. They are perfect for showing hierarchical data because they are allow you to display parent child relationship.

Events in ALV Reports

1. Initialization
2. At Selection Screen
3. At Selection Screen Output.
4. At Selection Screen On Value Request

4. Logical Database Report: Application programs can access data by using logical databases, which are specialized ABAP applications. Logical databases are still most commonly used to receive data from database tables and associate it with executable ABAP programs while specifying the contents of the programs.

5. ABAP Query Report:

This is an extra reporting tool for ABAP. This report is extremely accurate and efficient in SAP ABAP.

6. Report writer/ report paint:

• Report Writer: It is a tool use for creating reports with specific requirements. You can use it to report on data from multiple applications. Transaction code for create a report using Report Writer is GR31.

Ex. Sets, variables, Formulas, Cells, etc.

• Report paint:  Report writer and report painter both are comparable, however report painter is easier to use. It’s based on the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) principle. Report painter is commonly used for Financial (FI) reports. Transaction code for create a report using Report Painter is GRR1.